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The major components of an X-ray tube consist of an evacuated envelope containing a cathode (filament), an anode (target), exit window, and a focusing cup or cylinder.Įlectrons are discharged using thermal emission when an electric charge passes through the tungsten filament. How are X-rays Generated in X-ray Tubes?įrankly, the intensity of the X-ray generated by an X-ray tube significantly affects the quality of the X-ray image and consequently the accuracy of your X-ray inspection result. Furthermore, the envelope is most often made from glass, even though some tubes contain envelopes made from ceramic or even metal. The filament, also known as the cathode and target, also known as an anode, is encapsulated in a vacuum-filled envelope, which provides support and electrical insulation. Nonetheless, the basic working principle of x-ray production remains the same in this age, although adjustments have been made to produce an industrial functional beam generator. The first production of x-rays was by Roentgen in 1895 after producing electromagnetic radiation via a device that speeds up electrons between an anode and a cathode.

While you might be fascinated with the benefits of X-ray tubes and X-ray machines for their material inspection abilities, one other thing you might also like to consider will be how X-ray tubes are constructed. However, most of this imaging process takes place in the x-ray tube, and hence why we need to know how the x-ray is created and what goes on in the x-ray tube during the imaging process. It is important here to state that x-rays are imaging technologies that use radiation to generate images that help detect component defects and ensure the safety of equipment production. It’s fascinating to think about how the parts of a vital inspection tool are constructed and forged to serve its optimal purpose and utilized for the best quality control measures it’s made to serve. Published online.Do you ever wonder how X-ray tubes are constructed or the principle behind their workings? Available: Ītomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB)., Quality Assurance (QA) of medical diagnostic x-ray equipment. IAE., Manufacturing of X-ray tube, Published online. Spellman High Voltage Corporation, Common X-ray tube failure modes, Published online. Department of Health and Human Services (2019 May 8) Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Devices and Radiological Health, “Medical X-Ray Imaging Devices Conformance with IEC Standards: Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff”. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, pp 97–140 Globally, more than 20,000 patents have been filed so far on the innovations of X-ray tube technology.īushberg JT, Seibert JA, Leidholdt EM Jr, Boone JM (2012) The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging, 3rd edn. The most common causes for the X-ray tube failures include the following: (i) cathode filament burnout, (ii) target micro-cracking, (iii) tube arcing, (iv) slow leaks in the tube, and (v) bearings of rotating anode.

Linearity of the X-ray tube current (mA or mAs) loading stations (coefficient of linearity (CoL)) of the general radiography and fluoroscopy, computed tomography, mammography, and dental X-ray machine should be within <0.1, ☐.1, ☐.1, and <0.1, respectively. As per the recommendations of Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), Government of India, the accuracy of the applied X-ray tube potential of the general radiography and fluoroscopy, computed tomography, mammography, and dental X-ray machine should be within ±5, ☒, ☑, and ±5, respectively, of the corresponding measured values. The manufacturing processes of the X-ray tube assembly are listed as follows: (step 1) X-ray tube insert parts processing and cleaning (step 2) X-ray tube insert parts (anode and cathode) assembly processing (step 3) glass or metal-ceramic envelope processing (step 4) degassing of X-ray tube insert (step 5) seasoning of X-ray tube insert (step 6) X-ray tube assembly processing (step 7) final testing of X-ray tube assembly and (step 8) quality control of X-ray tube assembly.

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The indicative list for the standards pertaining to performance and safety of medical electrical equipment and diagnostic X-ray tube assembly includes the following: IEC 6/IS 1, IEC 6/IS 1, IEC 6, IEC 6, IEC 6, IEC 6, IEC 6, IEC 60522, IEC 60806, IEC 60336, IEC 61267, IEC 61674, IEC 61676, IEC 60613, IEC 60526, IEC 62304, IEC 62366, ISO 13485, ISO 14000, ISO 14971, and ISO 10993-1. Various types of X-ray tubes are classified. Although X-ray tube technology (Coolidge tube) is about 106 years old, it has been still used widely today for medical diagnostic imaging. Globally, the growing number of general population and the high prevalence of various critical diseases are augmenting the need for X-ray imaging equipment for an accurate diagnosis. X-ray is being used widely in medical and in other fields of science, engineering, and technology since its invention in the year 1895.